英美国家概况Comparative Study of Political System in UK and US
英美国家概况Comparative Study of Political System in UK and US
ZHAO Xiaoqian Abstract: There are more than 200 nations in the world, and different nations have different political systems. In each kind of system, it has its own characteristics. Everyone belongs to their own country, as everyone belongs to their own family, so they should make sense of their own nation’s political system just like that they know well about their own family. Through this passage, by comparative study of political system in UK and US in various views, such as the leader, law-making organization, main parties and election, we could know the political systems more clearly.
Key words: system; UK; US
In newspapers or on the radio, we often hear of some words such as “the British Prime Minister Tony Blair” or “the United States President Bush” and so on. As we all know, they are both the leaders of the two countries, but why do not they have the same appellations? That’s only for the reason that different titles belong to different political systems.
I. Political system in UK—Constitutional Monarchy
Since 1688, the political system in UK is Constitutional Monarch, and Britain is a Western democracy with a two-party political system. It has three-tiered government, and the central government enforces laws through local governments. The central government includes three parts—the Monarch, Parliament and the Cabinet, and the three parts have different powers, from which we could make UK’s political system clear.
A. Power of MonarchyThe British people look to the monarchy (Queen or King) not only as their head of State, but also as the symbol of the national unity. He or she appoints the prime minister and other ministers on the advice of the prime minister. He or she is the head of the judiciary and the commander-in-chief of all armed forces of the Crown. By law, monarchy is the leader of the country, and the power of monarchy is sovereign. However, in fact, the actual power belongs to Cabinet now, and most of the time, monarchy is only as the symbol of the national unity.
B. Cabinet and Prime MinisterCabinet, composed of ministers of departments of the government and headed by the prime minister, meets in private and its meetings are secret. All the ministers must speak in one voice on government policies. Cabinet has the power to make election ahead at any time they think well, which only based on its own opinion.
Prime minister is the leader of the cou论文范文http://www.chuibin.com/ ntry in fact. He leads the Cabinet and controls the finance of the country. He also has the power to advice Chancery to monarchy, and before the Cabinet gives to the House of Commons, all the bills must be agreed by the prime minister. The tour of duty of the prime minister is five years, during this period of time, most of the members in the parliament are from the leader party.
C. ParliamentParliament is the ;aw-making body. It passes laws for the whole nation as well as for particular region. But the bills or Acts passed by Parliament must be approved by the Monarch before they go into effect. The English Parliament consists of three elements: the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
1. House of Lords
House of Lords is consisted of the Lord Chancellor, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the descendant of the royal and the hereditary noble. After the revolution to the House of Lords, only 92 members are left.
2. House of Commons
The members of the House of Commons come from National Election, and the tour of duty is 5 years. But the Government has the power to make the election ahead.
II. Political system in US—Federalism
A. PresidentThe United States president is the leader of the nation and the government; he is also the Commander in Chief of the army. President has no responsibility to the Congress. Presidential election is indirect, and the tour of duty is 4 years. He also has the power to advance the members in the Council of Government, which is in fact the assistants and the team of advisor.
In the law part, president has the power to deny any decision made by the Congress, unless both two thirds of the members in Senate and House of Representative denied the president’s decision.