摘要：随着现代焊接自动化水平的提高，对焊接质量的要求也随之提高。为达到质量要求，对焊接过程的控制就必不可少。本文针对V型坡口这一常见的坡口形式，采取直流MAG焊的焊接方法，使用红外视觉监控这一被动视觉传感方法。采集到了焊接时焊缝区图像。并在此基础上，对所采集到的图像进行离线处理，并设计了一种检测焊缝偏差的算法。
本文分析了焊缝跟踪传感和偏差检测的研究现状，对视觉传感基本原理进行了剖析。从而确定了监控设备和光学滤波系统参数，选取了红外CCD相机，970nm的滤波片，30%的减光片和图像采集卡对焊缝进行实时监控。通过设计不同焊缝偏差下的焊接实验，对熔池和焊接电弧进行了比较分析。使用不同算子对所得图像进行预处理，得到一套合适的图像处理过程。再提取出有用的特征值，使用C++编程语言运用OpenCV开源图像处理软件，设计了一个焊缝偏差的检测算法，并分析了算法误差和适应性。
实验结果表明，红外视觉监控能拍摄到清晰的焊缝区域图像。根据焊缝偏差算法处理数据后，发现理论偏差与实际偏差的误差控制在±0.4mm内，可见算法对不同焊缝偏差的适应性良好。本实验为实现V型坡口焊焊缝跟踪打下了良好的理论基础。
关键词:V型坡口焊接；焊接红外视觉监控；焊缝偏差检测；数字化图像处理
Abstract：With the improvement of modern welding automation level, the requirements for welding quality also increased. In order to meet the quality requirements, the control of the welding process is essential. In this paper, the V-groove groove for this common groove form, to take the DC welding method of welding, the use of infrared visual monitoring of this passive visual sensing method. The weld area image was collected. And on this basis, the collected images are processed off-line, and an algorithm for detecting weld deviation is designed.
In this paper, the research status of weld tracking sensing and deviation detection is analyzed, and the principle of infrared monitoring camera parameters, filter system and digital conversion equipment are analyzed. The infrared CCD camera, 970nm filter, 30% dimmer and image acquisition card were used to monitor the weld in real time. Through the design of different welds under the welding test, the pool and welding arc were compared and analyzed. The resulting image is preprocessed using different methods to obtain a suitable image processing process. And then uses the Open CV image processing software to design a detection algorithm of weld deviation, and analyzes the error and adaptability of the algorithm.
Experimental results show that the infrared visual monitoring can capture a clear image of the weld area. According to the weld deviation algorithm to deal with the data, found that the theoretical deviation and the actual deviation of the error control within ± 0.4mm, we can see the algorithm for different welds of good adaptability.
Keywords: V-groove welding; welding infrared visual monitoring; weld seam deviation detection; digital image processing
目录
第一章绪论 1
1.1课题研究背景及其意义 1
1.2焊缝监测方法研究现状 1
1.2.1焊接视觉传感检测焊缝偏差方法研究现状 2
1.2.2V型坡口焊缝偏差性研究现状 4
1.3课题研究目的及内容 5
1.3.1研究目的 5
1.3.2研究内容 5
第二章V型坡口焊缝偏差红外视觉传感系统构建 V型坡口焊接红外视觉监控及焊缝偏差检测研究:http://www.chuibin.com/cailiao/lunwen_205168.html