摘 要:人类自觉或者不自觉地创造了神话,这种自觉性能够折射出文化上的某些心 态。以吴刚伐桂和西西弗斯推石为例,虽然受罚者吴刚和西西弗斯身处的文化语 境不同,但是他们所接受的惩罚却有着相同的特征:无意义的劳动和无止境的重 复。这两则神话共同表现出来的母题:罪与罚,是中西方人民对人与世界的关系、 对人自身的反思。一篇惩罚神话最基本的内容包括:“罪”的解释和“罚”的阐 述。通过比较吴刚伐桂和西西弗斯推石在文化背景、人物形象以及思维方式三方 面的差异,在“罪”的解释和“罚”的阐述这两个方向下进行研究,以期发现神 话的自我表达,从表达中分析出东西方文化关于“罪与罚”这一神话母题的差异, 并对人类共同的命运进行思考。
关键词:罪与罚;吴刚;西西弗斯;政治;父权
Crime and Punishment: comparative study between Wu Gang felling laurel and Sisyphus myths
Abstract:Human beings create myths that reflect certain cultural attitudes consciously or unconsciously. In Wu Gang felling laurel and Sisyphus pushing the stone as an example, although as WuGang and Sisyphus in the different cultural context, but they accepted the punishment which has the same characteristics: meaningless labor and endless repetition. The two myths together represent the mother problem: crime and punishment, which is the reflection of the Chinese and the western people on the relationship between man and the world and the people themselves. One of the most basic elements of the punishment myth consists of the interpretation of "sin" and the explanation of "punishment". By comparing Wu Gang felling laurel and Sisyphus pushing the stone in the cultural background, character and way of thinking three differences, in the interpretation of the "sin" and "punishment" under the direction of the two studies are expounded, in order to find the myth of self expression, the analysis from the expression about "crime and punishment", the western culture and eastern culture differences, a female myth and thinking on the fate of human beings.
Key word: crime and punishment Wu Gang Sisyphus political The patriarchal
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract-Ⅱ
目录Ⅲ 一、“罪与罚”神话母题的界定 1
二、罪的解释 2
(一)罪的特点 2
(二)定罪者 4
三、罚的阐述 5
(一)罚的特点 5
(二)受罚者的反应 6
四、总结 8
参考文献 9
一、“罪与罚”神话母题的界定
奖励与惩罚必不可少,作为每一种文化都必须具备的要素,二者的有机结合体现 了文化的完整性与多元化。奖励以其温和的特性,对人的行为进行积极的、正面的、 有效的引导与强化,而惩罚往往伴随着一系列的矛盾、冲突甚至对抗。相比于文化中 的奖励,文化中的惩罚更能反映出人类对世界的思考以及对自身的反思,它更能反映 出人类精神世界的深邃性与复杂性。当惩罚表现在神话故事中,这就意味着人类开始 从认识世界的阶段过渡到思考人与世界的关系的阶段。因为神话本身就代表着原始先 民对于世界的认知程度,惩罚与神话的结合无疑是从人类认识世界到人认识自身的一 个发展的过程。 吴刚伐桂和西西弗斯神话比较研究:http://www.chuibin.com/wenxue/lunwen_206434.html

