从跨文化交际视角谈汉语新词的英译(2)
4.5 Substitution 13
5. Conclusion 14
Bibliography 15
摘要
随着社会的发展，新事物不断涌现，反映中国独特文化的新词日益增多。但是汉语新往往具有丰富的文化内涵，而翻译不仅是一种跨语言的交际活动，更是一种跨文化的交际活动。语言和文化密不可分，语言是文化的产物，它们相互影响，相互作用并且相互制约。
本文试图从促进跨文化交际的角度用大量的汉语新词和表达作为例证来研究汉语新词的翻译。本文依据巴斯内特的“文化翻译观”和奈达的“读者反应论”的翻译理论的指导下，提出了新词翻译的一些相应的建议，如意译，功能对等，直译加解释，音译等。最后对全文进行了总结，强调汉语新词的翻译不仅要求译者对英汉双语的精通，还要求有全面的知识，尤其是汉英两种文化的知识。只有这样，译者才能将汉语新词的文化内涵及意义成功的表达出来。
本文从跨文化交际学角度, 对汉语新词的英译进行了科学性的研究，以期为汉语新词翻译中出现的一些问题探讨翻译策略。
关键词：汉语新词英译；文化补偿；跨文化交际
1 Introduction
Languages are the most important tool in the communication of human beings. Phonology, lexicon and grammar are the three basic elements of the language. As the most active factor of the language, lexicon is very sensitive to the changes of the social life. Thus, once the new things and new concepts appear, the new words and the new expressions will emerge at once. These new words and new expressions are called neologisms. A neologism is a newly coined term from Greek “neo-” meaning new and “logos” meaning “speech and utterance”. It is a word or phrase that is entering into common use, but has not yet been accepted into mainstream language. Neologisms are often directly attributable to a specific person, publication, period or event (Net.1.Levchenko, 2010). New things, new phenomena and new ideas are emerging endlessly, and following this is the generation of a large number of new words.
The translation of these newly emerged words is necessary for people from different cultural backgrounds to communicate with each other. Translation plays a crucial role in cross-cultural communication and is a means of introducing Chinese culture. As everyone knows, the vocabulary is the most active component of the language. A new song, a new TV play, a new product, a new event or a new invention may add neologisms to its vocabulary. In some sense, neologism is like a mirror through which people can observe the social changes of a country. In the same way, Chinese neologisms are also like a mirror through which foreign people can have a view of China’s latest situation and development, which will help them understand China better. Thus, the translation of the Chinese neologisms into English is quite significant in China’s external exchanges and communications. Accordingly, with the increasingly frequent exchange between China and the foreign countries, the theory as well as the practice of translating this kind of words is becoming more and more important to promote cross-cultural communication.
Susan Bassnet’s cultural theory and Eugene Nida’s translation equivalence theory can provide some guidance in translating neologisms. According to Susan Bassnet, cultural factors should be analyzed in order to know the difficulty and origin of neologisms, and thus will help people to translate them efficiently. And Eugene Nida’s translation equivalence theory can be viewed as a main principle when translating neologisms.
2 An Overview of Neologisms
If we want to get an overview of Chinese Neologism, we should firstly know the definition of Neologism. What kind of word can be defined as a neologism? Will a neologism continue to stay as a neologism? What is the duration of a neologism? These questions are difficult to answer since neologism is a complicated term that it is hard to define.
上一篇：浅析英语典故性成语的来源及汉译