从功能对等理论看典籍文化词的英译
My profound gratitude first goes to my respected supervisor, Associate Professor Yuan Bing, for her patient guidance and encouragement during the whole process of my thesis writing. She contributes her profound knowledge and constructive advice to this paper, and also impressed deeply me with her passion, patience and preciseness. Without her thought-provoking suggestions, the completion of this thesis is not possible.
Then, sincere gratitude is also due to all the teachers who ever taught me throughout my college years. They helped me broaden my mind and enrich my knowledge.
At the same time, I am also grateful to my dear classmates who supported me and helped me overcome the difficulties that I came across during the process of this thesis writing.
Last but not least, I am also obliged to my beloved family for their everlasting support and encouragement.20022
Abstract
Numerous cultural heritages have been left in the thousands years’ process of Chinese civilization, among which Chinese classics account for a certain proportion. There are often lots of culture-loaded words in these literary works. These words reflect the cultural life of ancient China directly or indirectly and transmit Chinese civilization. However, they also give rise to the barrier or difficulties in C-E translation practice. Consequently, it is of great significance to study these culture-loaded words and the translation of them.
According to Nida, translating in the past paid too much attention to the form of the message, and translators tried hard to reproduce stylistic specialties, such as rhythms, grammatical structures, etc. In his opinion, the new focus of translating “has shifted from the form of the message to the response of the receptor”. As the core of Nida’s translation theories, functional equivalence has exerted a worldwide influence on the field of translation.
The research conducted in this paper is a study on the translation of culture-loaded words in Chinese classics from the perspective of Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory. The paper consists of six parts. The first part serves as an introduction. The second and third part aims at explaining Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory and culture-loaded words respectively. The fourth part probes into the problems and reasons behind in the translation of culture-loaded words of Chinese classics. The fifth part is an attempt to discuss the strategies in translating culture-loaded words from Chinese classics. The sixth part is a conclusion.
Key Words: culture-loaded words, translation, functional equivalence
摘要中国文明在几千年的历史进程中留下了丰富的文化遗产，其中不乏大量的典籍作品。典籍中往往包含大量的文化负载词，这些文化负载词直接或间接地反映了古代中国的文化生活、传播中国文明，但是同时给汉英翻译的顺利进行带来一定的障碍。因此，研究这些文化负载词及其翻译有着重要的意义。
奈达认为，过去的翻译把过多的重点放在信息的形式上，译者们追求重塑文体上的特征，比如韵律和语法结构等。在他看来，翻译的新重点应该从信息的结构转移到在读者的反应上来。作为奈达众多翻译理论的核心理论，功能对等影响了整个翻译界。
本文以奈达的功能对等理论为指导，研究了中国典籍文化词的翻译策略。文章共分为吹冰个部分，第一部分是介绍，第二和第三部分分别阐释了奈达的功能对等理论及典籍文化词相关问题，第四部分研究了典籍文化词翻译过程中的问题及产生问题的原因，第五部分分析了四种翻译典籍文化词的方法，第吹冰部分是总结。
关键词：文化负载词，翻译，功能对等