城市反贫困社会政策演进历程阶段特征和实践转向研究
关键词： 城市贫困；社会救助；社会保障；社会保护
Research on the evolution of China's urban anti-poverty social policy development and tendency
Abstract: The problem of poverty is a chronic problem of society,which always haunts the government and the people around the world. Accordingly, it is necessary to draw a conclusion of 60 years' urban anti-poverty social policies in the 60th anniversary of the founding of China. The essay appropriately focuses on a number of important urban anti-poverty social policies in those years. The author classifies the 60 years as different three important stages according to those social policies. The following stages are, from1949 to 1983, to get out of the poverty, a unit as the main power had the main responsibility to provide assistance; from1984 to 1998, to adequate food and clothing as the goal, with the multi-responsibility system of social assistance; from 1999 to 2008, with the objective of a well-off society, the government played as a core role in the social security. The essay also gives some suggestion on the future development of the urban anti-poverty social policy, highlighting the mental health, advocating the citizenship and social protection system, all that three key words will become the theme of the next phase of the future.
Key words: Urban poverty; Social assistance; Social security; Social protection
目录
一、引言：城市反贫困社会政策向何处去？1
二、已有研究与理论框架2
（一）已有研究2-3
（二）理论框架3
1、社会保护理论3
2、公民身份理论4
3、增能理论4
4、精神健康理论4
三、城市反贫困社会政策的演进历程：社会救助制度的形式扩展5
（一）临时救济性的社会救助5
（二）常规制度性的社会救助5
（三）扩展性配套性的社会救助6-7
四、城市反贫困社会政策的阶段特征：社会救助制度的实施文度8
（一）以“单位”为社会救助的责任主体8
（二）以“政府”为社会救助的责任主体8
（三） 以“多方责任”为社会救助的责任主体9
五、城市反贫困政策的实践转向：社会救助制度的构成要素逻辑10
（一）政策目标：从物质满足到精神健康10
（二）政策理念：从生存保障到能力建设10
（三）政策原则：从社会救助到社会保护11
（四）政策立意：从公民权利到积极的公民11
吹冰、城市反贫困社会政策的选择：社会救助制度的配套与更新 12
（一）“公民身份”的救助责任主体转化12
（二）“社会保护”的救助形式转化12
（三）“精神健康”的救助目标转化13
七、城市反贫困政策的新范式与社会救助制度的机制创新 14
（一）建立健全新型的贫困者他助与自助相结合的扶贫体系14
（二）建立健全低保审核机制与退出机制14
（三）建立与物价相挂钩的低保联动机制15