摘    要：进入21世纪，随着社会的进步与发展，人类对于资源的需求越来越大。在新千年开始之际,人们正面临着一系列重大的挑战。全球经济发展,人口迅速增加,需要提供更多的食物、住房和原料,因而对能源的需求量也不断增加。在过去20年中,全世界能源消耗量增加了40%,其中85%以上使用的是矿物燃料。这些矿物燃料燃烧时要产生大量温室气体,全球单是二氧化碳排放量每年就超过500亿吨,而且还在不断扩大，形成的酸雨造成土壤退化,危害动植物。全球气候变暖可能会产生灾难性后果,必须采取坚决措施,减少温室气体的排放。因此,治理环境污染,已成为当务之急，矿物燃料的存储量也日渐减少，所以开发新的能源刻不容缓。太阳能是清洁绿色能源,它具有不消耗燃料,没有环境污染,能就地产生,不需要长距离输送,可靠性高,寿命长,使用维护简单,安全性能好,可分散供电,与其它电源系统的兼容性好,储能比较方便等优点,蕴藏着广泛应用前景和无限的生命力,太阳能发电已成为全球发展速度最快的技术。太阳能热具有广泛的应用领域，但最终可归纳为太阳能热发电和建筑用能，包括采暖、空调和热水。当前太阳能热利用最活跃并以成为产业的当属太阳能发电、太阳能制冷、太阳能热水器。此外在其他方面也有相关研究与应用。因此，具有可再生特性的太阳能、风能等绿色能源拥有非常好的利用前景。就太阳能而言，应用效率较低的固定式太阳能光伏发电，妨碍了开展太阳能技术。所以，提出了一种基于Arduino控制平台的2维太阳能自动跟踪系统设计方案。单片机主控模块负责对光敏电阻模块采集的光照强度信号采样，根据光强输出相应电压信号（0-5V）进行处理，根据此信号处理后控制驱动舵机的旋转，从而实现跟踪系统的高度角和方位角两个方向的控制。整个系统可以根据实时的采集信号，处理调节系统的角度和方位，这很大程度上提高了太阳能的利用效率。

关键词：Arduino单片机； 太阳跟踪； 实时驱动

Abstract：In the 21 st century, with the progress and development of society, the demand for resources is increasing. At the beginning of the new millennium, people are facing a series of major challenges. With the global economy growing rapidly and the need for more food, housing and raw materials, the demand for energy is growing. Over the past 20 years, world energy consumption has increased by 40 percent, of which more than 85 percent are fossil fuels. These fossil fuels produce a large amount of greenhouse gases when they are burned. The global carbon dioxide emissions alone exceed 50 billion tons a year, and they are still expanding, resulting in acid rain that causes soil degradation and endangers plants and animals. Global warming could have catastrophic consequences, and firm measures must be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, environmental pollution control, has become a top priority, fossil fuel storage is also decreasing, so the development of new energy is urgent. Solar energy is a clean green energy, it has no consumption of fuel, no environmental pollution, can be produced in situ, does not need long distance transmission, high reliability, long life, easy to use and maintenance, good safety performance, decentralized power supply, With the advantages of good compatibility with other power systems, convenient energy storage and so on, solar power generation has become the fastest developing technology in the world because of its wide application prospect and infinite vitality. Solar heat has a wide range of applications, but can eventually be summed up into solar thermal power generation and building energy, including heating, air conditioning and hot water. At present, the most active and industrial solar energy is solar power generation, solar cooling, solar water heaters. In addition, there are also related research and applications in other areas. Therefore, solar, wind and other green energy with renewable characteristics have a very good use prospects. As far as solar energy is concerned, the application of low efficiency fixed solar photovoltaic power generation hinders the development of solar energy technology. Therefore, a design scheme of 2 D solar automatic tracking system based on Arduino control platform is proposed. The main control module of the single chip microcomputer is responsible for sampling the light intensity signal collected by the photosensitive resistance module and processing the corresponding voltage signal according to the light intensity. According to the signal processing, the rotation of the steering gear is controlled. Thus, the control of height angle and azimuth angle of tracking system is realized. The whole system can process and adjust the angle and orientation of the system according to the real-time signal collection, which greatly improves the efficiency of solar energy utilization. Arduino单片机的2维太阳跟踪系统设计分析:http://www.chuibin.com/zidonghua/lunwen_206341.html