基于PID控制的1/4车辆主动悬架的仿真研究
随着经济的发展，汽车在大众之中越来越普及。同时人们也希望车辆乘坐的舒适性和行驶的安全性可以达到一个更高的标准，那么设计一个性能优良的悬架已经成为当今汽车开发设计的一个重要课题。目前汽车上采用的被动悬架系统的阻尼减振元件和弹性部件的刚度是固定的，不能应对多变的工作环境。而基于现代控制理论和电子技术的主动悬架可以根据路面状况的反馈，主动实时调节悬架的控制力，使悬架处于良好的工作状态。
本论文根据牛顿第二定律以及车辆动力学理论，构建了二自由度1/4车辆主动悬架系统和被动悬架系统的模型，并构建了路面输入模型。路面输入模型包括：白噪声信号、阶跃信号和正弦信号的路面数学模型。同时阐述了悬架性能的三个指标：轮胎动载荷、悬架动挠度以及车身加速度。利用仿真软件搭建了PID控制的主动悬架以及被动悬架的仿真模型和路面输入模型，并通过软件对于不同路面输入情况下的主、被动悬架的仿真。最后对于悬架的仿真结果进行分析。
关键词：主动悬架系统；PID控制；仿真；建模
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title The simulation study about the 1/4 car model active suspension system based on PID control
Abstract
Suspension is comprehensive heritability and moment connection device between the car chassis and the tyres .By transferring function in the force and moment between the chassis and the tyres, and bufferring when the road is not flat and producing the frame or the impact of the body, it can reduce the resulting vibration, thus improve the vehicle riding comfort and operation stability.
With the development of economy, the car becomes more and more popular among the masses. At the same time, people calls for higher requirement for vehicle ride comfort and driving safety. So designing a good performance of suspension of modern car development design is an important subject. The passive suspension system in use on the car of damping element and stiffness of elastic component is fixed, which cannot cope with changing working environment. And based on control theory and electronic technology, active suspension can be according to the feedback road, take the initiative to real-time to adjust the control of suspension so that the suspension is in good working condition.
This paper according to the Newton's second law and the vehicle dynamics theory to establish the passive suspension system with two degree of freedom model of 1/4 vehicle active suspension system and the road input. Road input includes: white noise signal, step signal and sine signal mathematical model of the road. At the same time, this paper expounds the suspension performance of the three indexes: the tyre dynamic load acceleration, suspension dynamic deflection and the body. Wecan use the software Matlab/Simulink component the automobile suspension system simulation diagram, including the model of passive suspension, active suspension PID control model and pavement input model. Running the simulation diagram can achieve input signals on different road surfaces of different suspension system simulation. Finally we need to analyse simulation results for suspension.
Keywords: Active Suspension system;PID control;Simulation;Model
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