英文论文英语学习中的汉语干扰
Different nations have different social manners and linguistic frames. So the learners must be affected by the mother tongue. And when the knowledge and skills that learners have acquired in the mother tongue are supposed to prevent the learners from learning the habits of the target language(the second language), that is, the learners have to totally depend on the language rules of the mother tongue to learn the target language, the problems of the interference arise. The distance between mother tongue and target language has great effects on the linguistic interference. On the basis of contrastive analysis, the more similarities shared by the mother tongue and the target language, the easier it is to acquire the target language. On the contrary, it is harder. In most of the western countries, language learners learn their second languages that have the same origin as their mother tongue. Nevertheless, the foreign language that Chinese students mainly learn in the school is English. Compared with Chinese, it comes from a different language family. Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language which has the system of ideogram, while English belongs to the Indo-European language. So there are great differences between the two languages in vocabulary, pronunciation, grammatical system and so on. According to the Chinese learners, the rules of the mother tongue are ineradicable which they usually unconsciously apply into studying English.
The interference of mother tongue has always been regarded as the major factor in foreign language learning. This paper applies contrastive analysis to talk about the differences between Chinese and English in the point view of vocabulary, thinking mode, and culture. And this paper attempts to show the Standard English expressing and put forward some suggestions to avoid the interference in English learning by analyzing the differences and errors.
II. Vocabulary Interference
Chinese inevitably influences the English learning, especially the English vocabulary learning. Although the acquisition of English vocabulary has something in common with the acquisition of Chinese vocabulary, they have many differences. When the learners begin to learn English vocabulary, owing to the limitations of learning environment and the differences in aim and level of achievement, they don’t know how to tackle the problems on English oral and written expressions; they will naturally turn to their mother tongue. Under these circumstances, using the knowledge of Chinese vocabulary in the communication to express their ideas might bring about the interference of Chinese in English vocabulary study. In terms of morphology, Chinese is a typical analytic language which is “characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations,...”(Lian Shuneng, 1), while English is a kind of language, which “has evolved from synthetic language to the present analytic language” (Zhang Weiyou, 29). And in English, Whorl argues, words are pided into two major categories: nouns and verbs. So the following will talk about the Chinese interference from the use of nouns and verbs.
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