论《局外人》中加缪的荒诞哲学
Firstly, my profound gratitude first goes to Associate Prof. Wang Min, my supervisor, for her constant guidance and encouragement in the process of my writing, guiding me through this long-term work step by step with numerous inspiring advices and crucial instructions. Just under her careful and patient guidance, I begin to get a clear idea of the paper and fully frame it out. Without her support and help, the completion of the present thesis is impossible.
I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the teachers who have ever taught me throughout my college years, especially Yuan Bing, my British and American Culture course teacher. Her profound knowledge of western cultures led me into the world of culture, and also inspired me to make efforts in English learning. I am also very grateful to all other teachers of the School of Foreign Languages who gave me direct or indirect help during my study in the college.
I am also grateful to my classmates and roommates for their encouragement, support, comments and wise advice. Last, I wish to devote this paper to my parents for their everlasting dedication that they have shown since I was just a little child.
Abstract
The Outsider or The Stranger (French: L’Étranger) is a novel by Albert Camus published in 1942. Its theme and outlook are often cited as exemplars of Camus's philosophy of the absurdism and existentialism, though Camus personally rejected the latter label
Based on the theory of utilitarianism proposed by Kierkegaard, Søren, the thesis expounds destructive influence of absurdism on humanity by means of case study. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the realistic influence of absurdism in The Outsider. This thesis will focus on four aspects. The first part is a brief introduction of philosophy of absurdism, an important theoretical foundation of the entire thesis. Through analyzing typical absurdism and related main characters in The Outsider, the second part is to explore how absurdism affects human nature and leads to the tragedies of characters. In the third part, the thesis will focus on a reflection on absurdity in the real life. In the final analysis, a conclusion will be drawn about the research subject. In a word, it was absurd moral principle that distorts children's innocent hearts in that time and made them loss much born humanity, such as, imagination, romance, sentiment and benevolence. In reality, absurdism is also prevailing in our values. Many people don’t care about the things around them. Everyone only mind his own business. Therefore, a study of the influence of absurdity upon human nature is also of great realistic significance. Nevertheless, the analyses in this thesis are limited to some aspects, and in-depth analyses need to be explored in further study.
Key Words: Absurdity, humanity, existence, death.
摘要《局外人》又名《异乡人》，由阿尔贝•卡缪于1942年写作出版。它的主题和观点经常被引用为加缪的荒诞哲学和存在主义哲学的典范，尽管加缪本人拒绝了后者的标签。
本毕业论文以索伦•克尔凯郭尔提出的荒诞主义主义作为理论基础，运用案例分析方法就荒诞主义主义对人性产生的破坏性影响进行分析。本篇论文的目的是探讨在局外人的荒诞的影响。它将集中在四个方面。第一部分是荒诞主义哲学的简介，是整个论文的重要理论基础。第二部分是通过分析《局外人》中典型的荒诞角色以及一些相关的主要人物，探讨荒诞主义如何影响人类的本性并导致人物的悲剧结局。在第三部分，将重点放在荒诞主义在现实生活中的一些反映以及反思。在最后的一部分的分析中，对此次的研究课题做出一个总结性的论述。简言之，荒诞主义道德原则扭曲了当时少年儿童纯真的心灵，并使他们失去与生俱来的想象力、天真善良等美好人性品质。在现实社会中，它也影响着我们的价值观念，许多人根本不关心发生在自己身边的事，大家都抱有一种各扫门前雪的观念。因此研究荒诞主义对人性的影响也具有深远的现实意义。但本论文的分析角度有一定局限性，更深层次的分析需要进一步研究。
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