A limitation of the studies that examined IAQ in green buildings is that none attempted to explore whether the effects of improved IAQ can be attributed to the higher number of credits awarded for IAQ in green buildings。 The studies implicitly assumed that this was the case。 Another major limitation is that the main evidence for improvements in IAQ arises from subjective evaluations。 In most cases, no measurements were performed in parallel to subjective evaluations to document whether the pollutant levels and expo- sures in the investigated green buildings were truly different from conventional buildings。 It was also not documented whether thermal conditions were different, temperatures and relative hu- midity being an important modifier of the perception of quality of indoor air [31]; [32]。

Perceptions of indoor air quality can also be attributed in part to other factors, not just pollutant levels or actual exposures。 For example, it is well documented that the occupants of green build- ings are proud of being able to work in their buildings [46], many of which are iconic buildings and owned by successful businesses。 The overall high satisfaction of working in these buildings may propa- gate on satisfaction with IAQ。 This postulation is supported by studies that show that occupants of green buildings are apparently more tolerant to less optimal indoor environmental quality [23]。

Many studies reporting measurements in green buildings did not adequately control their findings for several potential con- founding factors, and did not perform satisfactory statistical ana- lyses of the measurements。 Further, in many studies, responses from different cohorts of people working in different buildings were compared。 The studies attempting to match the green buildings and the conventional buildings to control for confound- ing factors are sparse (e。g。, [62]。

In conclusion, the majority of available measurements in green buildings do show that IAQ, as perceived by building occupants, is improved。 The studies do not make sufficient connection, however, between these results and the physical and chemical measure- ments of actual exposure levels, and between these results and the credits awarded by the certification schemes for managing  IAQ。

1。5。 How can green practices compromise the IAQ of a green building?

A variety of green practices can be applied in green building projects to achieve a certification level as high as possible [78]。 Some of these practices award credits for solutions related with reducing resource use, environmental impacts, or CO2 emissions, such as maintaining minimum code ventilation requirements, us- ing recycled materials, or promoting low-carbon commuting。 However, some green practices can also compromise IAQ in green buildings。 Further, the cross-category interaction is not accounted for in certification schemes, whereby positive credits obtained in one category can negatively influence indoor air  quality。

One example of green practices having potentially negative consequences for IAQ is the use of waste-based materials, recycled materials, or reused materials。 For instance, application of fly ash as an additive to building materials can increase the exposure of building occupants to a suite of heavy metals that may have toxic properties (e。g。, [49]。 Materials that are recycled or reused can re- emit pollutants that were adsorbed on their surfaces, used in the recycling process, or accumulated in previous applications; potentially toxic materials can also be reused and reapplied in buildings (e。g。, [65]。

Another example are actions to keep outdoor air supply at minimum rates and reduce the need for cooling and air- conditioning, and supplement them with other less energy demanding solutions。 These actions comprise the use of air puri- fication     methods     and     flushing     or     enhanced   ventilation,

上一篇:气动定位系统英文文献和中文翻译
下一篇:热电传感元素英文文献和中文翻译

性别影响幼儿与同伴冲突英文文献

建筑自动化英文文献和中文翻译

台湾绿色B建筑节水措施英文文献和中文翻译

会计师事务所任期与审计...

ADO.NET结构与概述英文文献和中文翻译

信息系统开发与数据库开...

机器人学入门力学与控制英文文献和中文翻译

酵母菌发酵生产天然香料...

基于Joomla平台的计算机学院网站设计与开发

提高教育质量,构建大學生...

浅谈高校行政管理人员的...

上海居民的社会参与研究

AES算法GPU协处理下分组加...

从政策角度谈黑龙江對俄...

浅论职工思想政治工作茬...

STC89C52单片机NRF24L01的无线病房呼叫系统设计

压疮高危人群的标准化中...