弯曲焊接单元英文文献和中文翻译
The Noril'sk Mining-Metallurgical Combine has proposed a method of producing jacketed copper cooling elements no thicker than 100 ram. These cooling elements last longer than similar devices due to improved heat conduction in the direction of heat flow. The manufacturing technology includes preliminary heating of the mold, pouring of the molten metal into the latter, cooling of the metal with another jacketed element (which serves as a conduit for the cooling agent), and crystallization. The cooling element is inserted in the melt, while the cooling agent is delivered in an amount sufficient to ensure motion of the crystallization front at a rate of 5-20 cm/h. V. N. Galantsev, V. I. Malygin, L. I. Danilov, et al., Patent No. 1823803, B22D 27/04, from 27.06.91.
The Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute and the Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy have proposed a method of strengthening rolled products through heat treatment. The method includes austenitizing of the semifinished product, rolling, cooling at a supercritical rate to a mean-mass temperature of 560-660~ self-tempering, and deformation by bending and torsion during coiling. This deformation is performed before self-tempering and no later than 0.6 sec after the supercritical cooling. The bending is done with a deflection of 0.4-0.7 m on a base of 0.7-1.5 m. The torsional deformation is performed with a relative angle of twist equal to 0.25-0.85 rad/m, Yu. T. Khudik, A. V. Ivchenko, V. T. Khudik, et al., Patent No. 1823881, C21D 1/02, from 16.04.91.
Researchers have proposed two variants for producing damask steel which improves the microstructure and macrostructure of the finished material. The method involves inducing structural nonuniformity in the steel and then shaping it. In the first variant, the nonuniformity is obtained by arranging powdered iron oxide and 50-80% (by wt.) hypereutectoid white iron in layers. The semifinished products are held in a reducing gas at 650-850~ shaped at 800-900~ heat-treated at 740-790~ and cooled in oil. In the second variant, the structural nonuniformity is created by layering powdered low-carbon iron and 70-90% (by wc) hypereutectoid white iron, heating in a protective atmosphere to 800-900~ shaping by hot-pressing, heat-treating at 740-790~ and cooling in oil. V. Yu. Gerasimov, N. R. Frage, I. E. Bekarevich, et al., Patent No. 1823882, C22C 33/02, from 25.01.91.
The joint-stock company "VAZAR" has proposed the use of a new solution for preparing the surface of aluminum and its alloys before nickel-plating on automatic lines. Use of the solution makes the plating operation more stable and strengthens the bond between the coating and the substrate. The solution contains sodium hydroxide, zinc sulfate, iron trichloride, nickel sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium cyanide, sodium-potassium racemate, and sodium gluconate. The components are present in the following proportions (g/liter): sodium hydroxide 90-110; zinc sulfate heptahydrate 30-50; iron trichloride hexahydrate 2-4; nickel sulfate heptahydrate 20-40; copper sulfate pentahydrate 4-6; sodium gluconate 5-t0; sodium cyanide 5-9; potassium-sodium racemate trihydrate 40-50. M. M. Sutt, O. 1~. Vikson, t~. G. Lipp, et al., Patent No. 1823883, C23C 18/31, C25D 5/44, from 23.04.90.
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