摘要：为研究脉冲电流对铝合金和镁合金力学性能的影响，进行了电脉冲拉伸实验，确定了可以改善材料力学性能的脉冲电流参数。再使用X射线衍射（XRD）和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分别从宏观和微观上进行织构分析，研究了电脉冲对织构的影响，从织构的角度对脉冲电流改善材料性能的现象进行了解释。结果表明：在材料塑性变形中施加脉冲电流，可以降低流变应力和抗拉强度，提高断后延伸率，但过分增大脉冲电流大小不利于延伸率的提高。合适的脉冲电流参数可以弱化铝合金中的Copper和Brass织构并增加Cube织构的体积分数，促进镁合金中基面滑移的启动，使铝合金和镁合金的塑性变形能力明显提高。

关键词：脉冲电流；铝合金；镁合金；力学性能；织构

Effect of pulse current parameters on formability of aluminum and magnesium alloy materials

Abstract: In order to study the influence of pulse current on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys, electrical pulse tensile experiments were carried out to determine pulse current parameters that can improve the mechanical properties of the materials. Then X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to analyze the texture from both macro and micro perspectives. The influence of the electrical pulse on the texture was studied. The phenomenon of pulse current improvement of material properties was observed from the perspective of texture. Explained. The results show that the application of pulse current in the plastic deformation of the material can reduce the flow stress and tensile strength and increase the elongation after fracture, but excessive increase of the pulse current is not conducive to the increase of the elongation rate. The proper pulse current parameters can weaken the Copper and Brass texture in the aluminum alloy and increase the volume fraction of the Cube texture, promote the start of the base surface slip in the magnesium alloy, and significantly improve the plastic deformation ability of the aluminum alloy and the magnesium alloy.

Keywords: Pulse current; Aluminum alloy; Magnesium alloy; Mechanical properties;

目录

1 绪论 1

1.1 金属材料的电效应 1

1.1.1 电效应的发现 1

1.1.2 电效应在金属加工中的应用 2

1.2 金属的织构和取向 2

1.2.1 织构的概念 2

1.2.2 织构的分类 3

1.2.3 织构对成形性能的影响 7

1.3 本课题研究的目的和意义 8

2 实验 9

2.1 实验材料 9

2.2 实验设备 9

2.2.1 机器设备 9

2.2.2 夹具设计 9

2.3 实验方案设计 10

2.3.1 拉伸样制备 10

2.3.2 实验参数 11

2.4 微观组织分析 11

2.4.1 XRD样品制备 11

2.4.2 EBSD样品制备 12

3 实验结果 13

3.1 力学性能结果 13

3.2 电脉冲对流变应力的影响 17