1997年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题 第5页
71.事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
72.有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
73.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。
74.这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
75.这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应遭到嘲弄。
Part V Writing
样题 1
We meet smokers everywhere: in the streets, on college campuses and in shops. There are 5.8 billion people in the world, and the smokers are about 1.1 billion, which makes up 20 percent of the world's total population.
Smoking is very harmful. I think there are two main aspects to the damage. First, smoking consumes a great deal of money. As is shown in the pictorial graph, smiling wastes 200 billion dollars each year in the world. Second, smoking does harm to the health of smokers, and it is the main cause of lung cancer. About 3 million people die because of the relevant diseases derived from smoking every year.
Because more and more people are aware of the great harm of smoking to humans, the amount of tobacco consumption is on the decrease. From the following figures we can clearly see the tendency. The total amount of world tobacco production added up to 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, but it dropped to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. At the same time, many countries call on people to give up smoking. So it is certain that the number of smokers is to decrease.
样题 2
About Tobacco Consumption
From the above set of pictures, we can see that there were a total of 14.364 billion pounds of tobacco produced in 1994 and 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. Because the amount of tobacco production is falling yearly, it can be predicted that the tendency of tobacco consumption would also be falling yearly. There are many reasons. Firstly, smoking wastes money. Every year there are two hundred billion dollars “burnt” in the cigarette “fire”. Secondly, smoking would hardly do people any good and it can even cause cancer. Every year there are three million people “buried” in the cigarette “tomb”.
Although tobacco consumption is falling, there are too many people who smoke. The population in the world is 5.8 billion, but about twenty percent of the population, that is to say 1.1 billion people, smoke. So the situation is serious and the movement against smoking is still a difficult task.
评语：上边两篇作文内容符合要求，包括对各图的说明，对趋势的预测及理由，数字表达正确，语言较好，表达能力较强，长度符合要求。得14分
样题 3
The total product of tobacco was 14.364 billion pounds in 1994. In 1995 the total product of tobacco in the world decreased to 14.2 billion pounds. The population of the world is 5.8 billion. The number of smokers is 1.1 billion, which is 20% of the population in the world. Every year 200 billion dollars is wasted owing to smoking and 3 million people die of smoking.
From the total product of tobacco in the world we can draw a conclusion that the tendency of tobacco consumption is decreased. I think that there are two reasons. One reason is that more and more people realize that smoking is harmful for health and give up smoking. The other one is that smoking is forbidden in the popular area in more and more countries. The two reasons lead to the decreasing tendency of tobacco consumption in the world.
样题 4
From the pictures, we first know that there are a lot of smoking people in the world. The number of the whole population in the world is 5.8 billion, and the number of smoking people is 1.1 billion. So the percentage of smoking person is about 20. It is a large ratio.
Secondly we know from the pictures that tobacco gives us only disaster. Each year it devours 200 billion dollars and deprives 3 million people of their lives. It is horrible.
Luckily nowadays more and more people begin to pay attention to their health. Thus I think the tendency of tobacco consumption will descend. From the pictures we also know that the output of the tobacco is declining, from 14.364 billion pounds in 1994 to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995.
评语：上边样题 3和样题 4这两篇作文内容符合要求，包括对各图的说明，对趋势的预测及理由，数字表达正确，思想表达清楚，文字连贯，句式变化较多，结构与用词有少量一般性错误，长度符合要求。得11分
样题 5
As shown in the pictures, we can see that the total tobacco product is 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, while it is 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. The whole population of earth is 5.8 billion, but the human beings who keeps smoking is 1.1 billion, maintaining the proportion of 20 percent. Owing to the cigarette, 200 billion dollars were wasted, 3 million people die of smoking annually.
From the figure given in the chart, we can come to a conclusion that the total tobacco consumption will decrease. There are reasons for the dropping consumption. First, more and more people believe smoking do harm to health, waste money. So a lot of people begin to give up smoking. Second, forbidding smoking in public areas cause people conscious that smoking is a bad habit. Therefor, I believe more and more will give up smoking with the advancement of society.
样题 6
From the pictures, we can draw a conclusion that the tobacco consumption in the world is rather high.
In 1994, the total product of tobacco is 14.364 billion pounds and in 1995, is 14.2 billion pounds. There are a great number of smokers in the world — the number of 1.1 billion. That is to say, of the 5.8 billion people, 20 percent have the habit of smoking.
For the sake of high tobacco consumption, 2000 billion dollars are lost and 3000 thousand people lose their lives every year.
In my opinion, the consumption of tobacco will decrease as more and more people have come to know the damage of the tobacco. This can be found in the pictures. Smoking leads to many problems such as lung cancer, economic loss and pollution of the air.
For abovementioned reasons. I believe the consumption of tobacco will decrease and all the problem it causes will be solved.
评语：样题 5和样题 6这两篇作文内容符合要求，包括对各图的说明，对趋势的预测及理由，表达基本清楚，但结构与用词错误较多，数字表达有误，长度符合要求。得8分
样题 7
Today, many countries product all kinds of tobacco. Almost every shop has tobacco. In 1994, the tobacco consumption has get to 143.64 billion pounds. So much tobacco can be sell out every year. The population of the world is 58 million. But, smokers in the world have 11 million. It is about 20% of world population.
We all know, smoking has a great harm to people. Every year about 300 million people died desease that deprive from smoking. Smoking use much money every year. About 2000 million dollars.
We can see, smoking is so much harmness. So, we advocate all of people have't smoke.
In 1995, the tobacco consumption has 142 million pounds, much less that in 1994. Because many people of smoking already think the smoking has no advantage, only bring illness.
We hope all of the world, it is no people smoke in the future.
样题 8
On Smoking
In the whole world the tobacco consumption has being decrease. According to the figure given in the data, we can see tobacco consumption was about 143.64 billion pounds in 1994, and about 142 billion pounds in 1995. Why are there on the decrease?
I think there are two reasons. In the first place, smoking is do harm to people health. For example, it is may be responsible for lung cancer. There are about 300 thousand people died of smoking every year. Secondly, smoking cost a great deal. Every year money spend on smoking is about 200000000.
As a result, when people realize this, they begin to give up smoking.
But I must point out that smoker all over the world still account for 20%, about 11000000. So we must educate people give up smoking.
评语：样题 7和样题 8内容基本符合要求，语句尚可理解，但结构与用词错误多，有些是严重错误，数字表达错误，长度符合要求。得5分
样题 9
In wave of economic reform, more and more people have realize the damage of smoking. It is obvious. Smoking has not any benefit to man's health, but as is know to all, everything has two sides. The taxs of tobacco are main resource of nation finasal. So the government of all country have to permit the product of tobacco. According to the figure, we can see the sum production of tobacco very great, 143.64 billion pounds in 1994, 142 billion pounds in 1995. The number of smoking man is 20% during world population. Smoking damages not only human's body but also waste lot of money. For example, there are 2000 billion dollar spending in tobacco and 300 million people die in smoking.
I think the tendency of tobacco consumprion have be taken down. I should try my best to depress the damage of smoking.
样题 10
It is said that smoking do harm. I realy agree with it.
Everyone in world know that smoking is not good habit, at the same time, so many warns with the words “No Smoking” everywhere. But on the other hand, there is lots of people are fond of smoking. as a result, every year about 200 billion dollars are to smoking, as well as 30 million people dies from it. How can these more than one billion people about one fifth ration give up smoking? It is always problem.
In word, smoking is harmful, we should give up.
评语：样题 9和样题 10这两篇作文内容与本题要求部分有关，除事先备好但与要求不符的语句外，结构与用词错误多且严重，词不达意，条理不清，不成篇章，数字表达混乱。得2分。
样题 11
The Tobacco Is Harmful To Us
Some of us are favour of smoking and consider that is enjoyable. In actually, it isn't.
The are fiftyeight million people in world, but the smoker is twenty percent, about eleven thousand million people. Because of this, the circle around of us is pollusion, the health of human is very had. There are three hundred million people die for smoking every year. Moreover 2000 thousand million lost every year.
评语：语句几乎无一正确，数字表达混乱，长度不合要求。得0分。
样题 12
From the figures we can see smoking is harmful to people's health. On one hand, it cause many diseases; on the other, it costs a lot of money. But today people all over the world still smoke a lot. Some people smoke out of habit. Others enjoy smoking, and find it is good for their nerves when they are tired. And still others smoke to be sociable: they like to offer fridns cigarette when talking business with others.
But as we all know doctors have warned people that tobacco is very dangerous to the smokers and may cause all kind of illness, including the cancer of lung. Many deaths are caused every year. And the government too are taking measures to prevent people from smoking.
As far as I am concerned. I think smoking is a great evil that should be abolished. I think government should take stronger measures to eventually ban tobacco all together.