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Critical power for self-focussing of a femtosecond laser pulse in helium
J. Bernhardta,, P.T. Simarda, W. Liua, b, H.L. Xua, F. Thébergea, c, A. Azarma, J.F. Daiglea and S.L. China
aCentre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL) and Département de physique, de génie physique et d’optique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
bInstitute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
cDefence Research and Development Canada – Valcartier, 2459 Pie-XI Blvd North, Québec, QC, Canada G3J 1X5
Received 30 November 2007; accepted 2 December 2007. Available online 26 December 2007.
Abstract
The critical power for self-focussing of a femtosecond laser pulse in helium has been measured using the moving focus method. The experimental value is (1 atm) 268 GW. Using this value, the nonlinear refractive index is inferred to be 3.6 × 10-21 cm2/W. In addition, the plots of the electron densities versus energy and pressure have also been used to determine the critical power of helium, based on the intensity clamping of the filamentation process. The value agrees well with the one by the moving focus method.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Experiment
3. Results and discussion
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
1. Introduction
Recently, there has been important progress in producing few-cycle pulses via filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses in gases [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5]. Couairon et al. have proposed that one could make use of the filamentation process in a noble gas with a pressure gradient to produce compressed pulses down to one optical cycle [6]. The perhaps most striking results are those obtained by Stibenz et al. who have reported highly efficient (conversion efficiency: 85%) pulse compression in argon gas down to less than 10 fs with a peak power of more than